Prepare the Rice Cakes: If using refrigerated or frozen rice cakes, soak them in warm water for about 10 minutes to soften them. Drain and set aside.
Make the Broth: In a large pot, add 3 cups of water and the dried kelp. Bring to a boil, then remove the kelp after 5 minutes. This will create a simple broth base for your tteokbokki.
Add the Seasonings: To the broth, add gochujang, gochugaru, soy sauce, sugar, and minced garlic. Stir well to combine and dissolve the gochujang completely.
Cook the Rice Cakes: Add the softened rice cakes to the pot and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat to medium and let it simmer for about 10-15 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
Add Vegetables and Fish Cakes: Add the sliced onions and fish cakes to the pot. Continue to cook for another 5 minutes until the vegetables are tender and the sauce has thickened.
Finish with Green Onions: Add the green onions and cook for an additional 2 minutes.
Serve: Transfer the tteokbokki to a serving plate. If desired, add a boiled egg and sprinkle with sesame seeds for garnish.
Enjoy: Serve hot and enjoy your delicious homemade tteokbokki!