Rinse the black eyed peas under cold water and remove any debris.
In a large pot, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add onions, garlic, bell pepper, and celery. Cook until vegetables are softened, about 5-7 minutes.
Stir in smoked paprika, cumin, and cayenne pepper (if using). Cook for an additional 2 minutes, allowing the spices to become fragrant.
Add the rinsed black eyed peas to the pot and cover with water. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low and simmer, covered, for 1 hour or until the peas are tender.
Season with salt and pepper to taste. Garnish with fresh parsley if desired.
Serve hot as a main dish or side, alongside cornbread or rice.